{"id":7617,"date":"2023-02-23T08:59:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T08:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/portfolio-item\/source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter\/"},"modified":"2023-06-15T09:04:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T09:04:23","slug":"source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/pt-pt\/portfolio-item\/source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Source apportionment of children daily exposure to particulate matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_column_height=&#8221;equal&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"grve-element grve-image grve-align-center\">\r\n\t<div class=\"grve-image-item\">\r\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"grve-image-wrapper grve-radius-5 grve-no-effect\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"grve-thumbnail-wrapper\"  style=\"width: 619px;\"><div class=\"grve-thumbnail\"  style=\"padding-top: 135.541%;\"><img width=\"619\" height=\"839\" src=\"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter-1-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" data-column-space=\"auto\" data-lazyload=\"\" data-grve-filter=\"yes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter-1-2.png 619w, https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter-1-2-221x300.png 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/div><\/div>\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; vertical_content_position=&#8221;middle&#8221;]<h2 class=\"grve-element grve-title grve-align-left grve-h2 grve-text-primary-1\"><span>Source apportionment of children daily exposure to particulate matter<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"grve-element grve-title grve-align-inherit grve-h3 grve-text-primary-1\"><span>Description<\/span><\/h3>[vc_column_text]The present study aims to investigate the sources of particulate pollution in indoor and outdoor environments, with focus on determining their contribution to the exposure of children to airborne particulate matter (PM). To this end, parallel indoor and outdoor measurements were carried out for a selection of 40 homes and 5 schools between September 2017 and October 2018. PM2.5 and PM2.5\u201310 samples were collected during five days in each microenvironment (ME) and analysed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), for the determination of elements, and by a thermal-optical technique, for the measurement of organic and elemental carbon. The source apportionment analysis of the PM composition data, by means of the receptor model SoFi (Source Finder) 8 Pro, resulted in the identification of nine sources: exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from traffic, secondary particles, heavy oil combustion, industry, sea salt, soil, city dust, and an indoor source characterized by high levels of organic carbon. Integrated daily exposure to PM2.5 was on average 21 \u03bcg\/m3. The organic matter, resulting from cleaning, cooking, smoking and biological material, was the major source contributing by 31% to the PM2.5 exposure. The source city dust, which was highly influenced by the resuspension of dust in classrooms, was the second main source (26%), followed by traffic (24%). The major sources affecting the integrated exposure to PM10, which was on average 33 \u03bcg\/m3, were the city dust (39%), indoor organics (24%) and traffic (16%). This study provides important information for the design of measures to reduce the exposure of children to PM.[\/vc_column_text]<div style=\"height: 30px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div><div class=\"grve-element grve-align-inherit\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Source-apportionment-of-children-daily-exposure-to-particulate-matter.pdf\" title=\"Download PDF\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"grve-btn grve-round grve-bg-primary-1 grve-border-primary-1 grve-bg-hover-gradient-1 grve-pulse grve-text-white grve-text-hover-white grve-btn-gradient grve-btn-medium\">\r\n\t\t<span>Download PDF<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; rc_bg_color=&#8221;rgba(222,233,247,0.48)&#8221;][vc_column]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div><h3 class=\"grve-element grve-title grve-align-inherit grve-h3 grve-with-line grve-bottom-line grve-text-primary-1\"><span>Summary:<\/span><span class=\"grve-title-line grve-bg-primary-1\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 2px;\"><\/span><\/h3><div style=\"height: 32px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; rc_bg_color=&#8221;rgba(222,233,247,0.48)&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_tta_accordion active_section=&#8221;0&#8243; collapsible_all=&#8221;true&#8221;][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;ABSTRACT&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674724336889-2d4480ac-54b1&#8243;][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;1.INTRODUCTION&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1677141677293-2d476aff-272c&#8221;][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;2. METHODOLOGY&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1677141102168-b184579b-8332&#8243;][vc_column_text]2.1. Assessment of time-microenvironment-activity pattern in Lisbon<br \/>\n2.2. Air quality measurements<br \/>\n2.3. Source apportionment<br \/>\n2.4. Statistical analysis[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1677141101777-3fc6ef87-cf4a&#8221;][vc_column_text]3.1. Children&#8217;s daily time activity patterns<br \/>\n3.2. PM concentrations<br \/>\n3.3. Composition of PM<br \/>\n3.4. Source apportionment<br \/>\n3.4.1. Traffic exhaust emissions<br \/>\n3.4.2. Traffic non-exhaust emissions<br \/>\n3.4.3. Secondary sulfate<br \/>\n3.4.4. Heavy oil combustion<br \/>\n3.4.5. Industrial emissions<br \/>\n3.4.6. Sea salt<br \/>\n3.4.7. Soil<br \/>\n3.4.8. City dust<br \/>\n3.4.9. Organic matter<br \/>\n3.4.10. Contribution of the sources to the children exposure to particles[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;4. CONCLUSIONS&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1677141101332-66b8960c-02f7&#8243;][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; rc_bg_color=&#8221;rgba(222,233,247,0.48)&#8221;][vc_column]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221;][vc_column]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div><h3 class=\"grve-element grve-title grve-align-inherit grve-h3 grve-with-line grve-bottom-line grve-text-primary-1\"><span>Characteristics:<\/span><span class=\"grve-title-line grve-bg-primary-1\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 2px;\"><\/span><\/h3><div style=\"height: 32px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; rc_bg_color=&#8221;rgba(224,234,249,0.36)&#8221; grve_css=&#8221;{&#8220;desktop&#8220;:{&#8220;padding-top&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-right&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-bottom&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-left&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;class&#8220;:&#8220;grve-wpb-1674472044165&#8220;}}&#8221;][vc_column_text]Date: August 2022[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; grve_css=&#8221;{&#8220;desktop&#8220;:{&#8220;padding-top&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-right&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-bottom&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-left&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;class&#8220;:&#8220;grve-wpb-1674472055005&#8220;}}&#8221;][vc_column_text]Author : Susana Marta Almeida, Tiago Faria, V\u00e2nia Martins, Nuno Canha, Evangelia Diapouli , Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; grve_css=&#8221;{&#8220;desktop&#8220;:{&#8220;padding-top&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-right&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-bottom&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-left&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;class&#8220;:&#8220;grve-wpb-1674554391032&#8220;}}&#8221;][vc_column_text]Geographical area: Portugal, Lisbon[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; grve_css=&#8221;{&#8220;desktop&#8220;:{&#8220;padding-top&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-right&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-bottom&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-left&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;class&#8220;:&#8220;grve-wpb-1674554417882&#8220;}}&#8221; rc_bg_color=&#8221;rgba(224,234,249,0.36)&#8221;][vc_column_text]Type of publication : Article[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221; grve_css=&#8221;{&#8220;desktop&#8220;:{&#8220;padding-top&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-right&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-bottom&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;padding-left&#8220;:&#8220;2%&#8220;,&#8220;class&#8220;:&#8220;grve-wpb-1674554427012&#8220;}}&#8221;][vc_column_text]Language : EN[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row rc_bg_type=&#8221;color&#8221;][vc_column]<h3 class=\"grve-element grve-title grve-align-inherit grve-h3 grve-with-line grve-bottom-line grve-text-primary-1\"><span>Copyright:<\/span><span class=\"grve-title-line grve-bg-primary-1\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 2px;\"><\/span><\/h3><div style=\"height: 32px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div style=\"height: 80px;\" class=\"grve-empty-space\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source apportionment of children daily exposure to particulate matter<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"portfolio_category":[47],"portfolio_field":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - 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