{"id":6865,"date":"2023-04-11T13:59:42","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T13:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/portfolio-item\/ecosys\/"},"modified":"2023-04-18T15:51:28","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T15:51:28","slug":"ecosys","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.3sqair.com\/fr\/portfolio-item\/ecosys\/","title":{"rendered":"EcoSys"},"content":{"rendered":"

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EcoSys<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/span><\/h2>

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EcoSys<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Activity<\/span><\/h4>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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EcoSys est une Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche (UMR) ayant pour mission l\u2019\u00e9tude du fonctionnement des agro-\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, en prenant en compte les processus biog\u00e9ochimiques, les flux de mati\u00e8re et d\u2019\u00e9nergie, ainsi que les fonctions des organismes isol\u00e9s ou en interaction avec leur environnement. Certains produits finalis\u00e9s de notre recherche contribuent aux services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques requis par les agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n

Pour mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019approche des r\u00e9seaux de services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et \u00e9tudier des questions environnementales plus sp\u00e9cifiques, ECOSYS mobilise des concepts d\u2019\u00e9cologie fonctionnelle \u00e0 travers, par exemple, l\u2019analyse des flux entre les compartiments de la biosph\u00e8re, l\u2019\u00e9tude des interactions entre les fonctions biologiques et les facteurs environnementaux et l\u2019\u00e9tude de la plasticit\u00e9 structurelle et fonctionnelle des plantes.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9fi d\u2019ECOSYS consistait \u00e0 s\u2019approprier les concepts et les th\u00e9ories issus de l\u2019\u00e9cologie fonctionnelle pour proposer des outils et des mod\u00e8les pouvant \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins de pr\u00e9vision ou d\u2019\u00e9valuation et d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Description of the activity about the project:<\/span><\/h4>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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Au sein de l’\u00e9quipe\u00a0Ecophysiologie, et physico-chimie des Interactions biosph\u00e8re-atmosph\u00e8re<\/strong>, les\u00a0recherches au cours de la derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode ont port\u00e9 sur 4 objectifs principaux :<\/p>\n

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  1. Expliquer et mod\u00e9liser le fonctionnement des agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et leurs interactions avec les biotiques (agents pathog\u00e8nes, macro-faune, associations multisp\u00e9cifiques) et abiotiques (bas niveaux d’azote, stress hydrique, stress thermique et stress oxydant)<\/li>\n
  2. Identifier les processus \u00e9cophysiologiques impliqu\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9silience des couverts et leurs traits fonctionnels associ\u00e9s<\/li>\n
  3. Quantifier et pr\u00e9dire les \u00e9changes biosph\u00e8re-atmosph\u00e8re de gaz \u00e0 effets de serre, de polluants et de particules et le devenir de l’azote et des pesticides aux \u00e9chelles supra-parcellaires<\/li>\n
  4. Evaluer le bilan des agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00e0 vocation alimentaire et \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de fa\u00e7on int\u00e9gr\u00e9e en consid\u00e9rant la production, les co\u00fbts et les impacts environnementaux.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L\u2019une des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9quipe est de ma\u00eetriser un continuum de mod\u00e8les allant du processus \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9rationnel, en les associant \u00e0 une gamme d\u2019outils exp\u00e9rimentaux allant des environnements contr\u00f4l\u00e9s aux niveaux terrain et paysage.<\/p>\n

    L\u2019\u00e9quipe est reconnue au niveau national et international dans les domaines de recherche sur la contribution de l\u2019agriculture aux gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et \u00e0 la\u00a0pollution atmosph\u00e9rique<\/strong>, l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la bio\u00e9nergie des cultures et de son utilisation des sols, la mod\u00e9lisation de la fonction de la structure des plantes, le d\u00e9veloppement des maladies des plantes et l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle du paysage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des projets financ\u00e9s notamment par l’ANR (ESCAPADE), un projet europ\u00e9en H2020 (LOGISTEC), ainsi que par des publications reconnues dans le domaine (par exemple, Oswald et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2016;).<\/p>\n

    Une \u00e9volution notable au cours de la derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode est la forte pr\u00e9occupation de l\u2019interaction des agro-\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes avec les gaz \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat r\u00e9actif (compos\u00e9s organiques volatils – COV, particules, ozone), avec le recrutement d’une jeune scientifique (Raluca Ciuraru) ayant une formation en chimie atmosph\u00e9rique, ainsi que l’investissement de plusieurs ing\u00e9nieurs et scientifiques dans de nouvelles m\u00e9thodologies (PTR-TOF-MS, DT-GC-MS, PM\u2026).<\/p>\n

    Une autre \u00e9volution notable concerne une meilleure int\u00e9gration du fonctionnement des racines et de ses interactions avec le sol dans l’\u00e9change sol-plante-atmosph\u00e8re, qui a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e par le recrutement d’un jeune scientifique (Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Rees) qui \u00e9tudiera les processus de rhizod\u00e9position du carbone.<\/p>\n

    Enfin, certains sujets de recherche (\u00e9missions d’ammoniac et de GES, biocarburants, photosynth\u00e8se) ont atteint un niveau de maturit\u00e9 permettant le d\u00e9veloppement d’outils op\u00e9rationnels (Cadastre-NH3, FIDES), de plusieurs demandes de brevets (chambre de photosynth\u00e8se d’organe, analyseur de NH3, m\u00e9thode d’inf\u00e9rence d’\u00e9missions de NH3) , ainsi que la cr\u00e9ation r\u00e9cente d’une business unit sur le suivi des \u00e9missions de NH3 et des GES, \u00abINRAE Transfert Agrosyst\u00e8mes\u00bb, au sein de la nouvelle \u00e9quipe d’ECOSYS.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    1 Rte de la Ferme
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    \nThiverval-Grignon
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